Jamiat Ulema-e Islam Pakistan is a Sunni Deobandi political party in Pakistan. Established as the Jamiat Ulema-e Islam in 1945, it is the result of a factional split in 1988, F standing for the name of its leader, Fazal-ur-Rehman.

It is entirely based in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northern parts of Balochistan The JUI-S faction, led by Samiul Haq, is of regional significance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa but has no representation on the national level. The split of JUI into two factions was due to dissent over the policy of president Zia-ul-Haq of supporting Mujahideen outfits in the Afghanistan war during the 1980s. A more recent faction known as JUI-N, split off JUI-F in 2007, it merged again into JUI-F in 2016.

The JUI follows the Sunni (deobandi) school. In Pakistan, Deobandis have a presence in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, and Balochistan. The JUI traces its roots to Politically active Deobandi who formed the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind (JUH), in 1919 in British India. The JUH was against colonialism and for a united India, opposing the formation of a separate homeland for Indian Muslims. A faction supporting the creation of Pakistan parted ways in 1945 to support the All Indian Muslim League. This faction came to be known as the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Pakistan [1] (JUI).[3]